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Why do guitars, violins and tuning forks all sound different.?
Say I play a note on a Guitar, a violin and then hit the same ntoe on a tuning fork. Just for ease, say A at 440 hertz. Why do they all have a different sound. Or for that matter, why do two guitars have a different sound. If its all 440 hertz sine wave coming off, shouldnt it all sound the same?
Kind of like how all 630 nanometer light is red, and it doesnt matter if its a laser, LED LCD or black body type emitter?
So then A 440 isnt really 440 hertz? Or do the insturments add in other frequencys that make hwo you hear it different (i.e. polyphonic and not monophonic)
It’s due to overtones. The tones produced by musical instruments are not pure tones – they would sound pretty boring if that were the case.
A guitar string may be vibrating at 440 Hz, but it will also be producing other frequencies, mostly harmonics of the fundamental (440). Also, if you put the sound into an oscilloscope, you would see that the waveform is not a perfect sine wave. Besides the overtones, you will see that the shape of the wave is skewed one way or another.
Tone generators and tuning forks produce pure tones and their sound will look like a pretty much perfect sine wave on the oscilloscope.
Comparing sound to light, consider that you seldom see pure colors. Most things have colors that are mixtures of many wavelengths; only lasers produce pure colors. The analogy is not perfect, because both the production and sensing mechanisms are different – nobody has “perfect pitch” when it comes to color.
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